Project Details

Subplate Morphology as a Prenatal Correlate of Autism Spectrum Disorder Severity and Comorbidities

Andrea Gondova, PhD

Summary

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects approximately 1-2% of children worldwide and is typically diagnosed only after behavioral symptoms emerge during early childhood. Increasing evidence suggests that differences in brain development begin much earlier, potentially during fetal life. GAP: Little is known about whether prenatal brain development differs in children who later develop ASD. In particular, no studies have examined whether the fetal subplate, a temporary brain structure that plays a critical role in establishing early brain connectivity, is associated with later ASD diagnosis or symptom severity. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesize that fetuses who are later diagnosed with ASD exhibit altered subplate development compared with typically developing children, and that the degree of these differences is associated with ASD symptom severity and co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: We will analyze fetal MRI scans from children later diagnosed with ASD and from typically developing controls. Using advanced MRI reconstruction and image analysis techniques, we will measure regional and global subplate thickness and volume and relate these measures to later ASD diagnosis and severity. RESULTS: Pending. IMPACT: This study will provide the first in vivo evidence linking prenatal subplate development to later ASD outcomes. Identifying biological differences during fetal life could improve our understanding of when ASD-related brain changes first emerge and may ultimately support earlier identification, monitoring, and intervention for children at increased risk of ASD. Website Link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/adagondova/